English word espionage comes from Dutch -age, Dutch spioneren ((intransitive) to perform espionage.), Old French espion
Dictionary entry | Language | Definition |
---|---|---|
-age | Dutch (nl) | Action (kijvage, from kijven). Collectivity (tuigage). Result of an action (stellage). |
spioneren | Dutch (nl) | (intransitive) to perform espionage. |
espion | Old French (fro) | |
espionner | Middle French (frm) | |
espionnage | French (fr) | Espionage; spying. |
espionage | English (en) | The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means. |